Tape Warping
Definition
Bending deformation from uneven internal stress.
Historical Background
1990s: stress-balancing technology solved curling for automation.
Example
Tape springs back from curved surfaces. Good tape should conform smoothly.
Formula
Curl (mm/m) = Bending Height / Span
Core Concepts
Internal stress from differing shrinkage rates between adhesive and substrate.
Extended Applications
Ordinary: <5 mm/m; precision: <2; electronic: <1; flexible display: <0.5; aerospace: <0.1 mm/m.