Technology R&D
Definition
Activities for developing new products, processes, and materials.
Historical Background
1980s: R&D centers drove product innovation and technological progress.
Example
Developing thinner, stronger, more eco-friendly tapes. Like an innovation engine.
Formula
R&D Investment Ratio (%) = R&D Expense / Sales Revenue x 100%
Core Concepts
Source of competitive advantage: differentiation through technical innovation.
Extended Applications
Basic research: new materials/mechanisms; applied research: product/process optimization; development: mass production; collaborative: industry-academia partnerships.